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Principles of Finance Videos 156 videos

Principles of Finance: Unit 1, Alex, That’s Finance Potpourri for $500
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Okay, so you want to be a company financial manager. It's basically up to you to make money for the shareholders. It would also be swell if you mad...

Principles of Finance: Unit 1, Company Formation, Structure, Inception
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How is a company... born? Can it be performed via C-section? Is there a midwife present? Do its parents get in a fight over what to name it? In thi...

Principles of Finance: Unit 1, Income Statements: Margin, Operating Profits, and More
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What is an income statement, and why do we need it in our lives? Well, let's take a look at an income statement for Year 1 of the Sauce Company, an...

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Principles of Finance: Unit 3, When Are Revenues Revenues? 28 Views


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Description:

Revenue is the money you take in from selling your product or service. But... what about when there are exchanges? Returns? Bounced checks? Counterfeit fivers?

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Transcript

00:00

principles of finance a la shmoop. when are revenues revenues? okay you own

00:07

the simplest lemonade stand in the world. you sell drinks only for cash and for $1 [lemonade stand pictured]

00:12

a drink. at the end of each day you add up the number of dollar bills in your

00:17

shoe box and you call that revenues. and that would be accurate and a good way of

00:21

accounting for your revenues but what if you guaranteed people that if they

00:25

bought the drink and didn't feel happy for at least the next 30 days to get

00:31

their money back. can you still recognize that dollar in

00:34

your shoe box as revenue? no .ha. you have to wait 30 days .those dollars are a [dollar bills on a table]

00:39

buffer against the liability of people returning to you 29 days later noting

00:45

that they aren't happy Daffy and wanting their dollar back. right well that noted

00:49

after 30 days I young the 31st day after the last sale you can in fact then

00:53

recognize that dollar of sales as revenue. sound goofy ?well in fact he

00:59

wants great Microsoft Corporation did the above with guarantee on their

01:02

operating systems in the mid-1990s. in essence so that they didn't have to

01:06

recognize revenues right away and their guarantee was for almost a yea.r

01:11

oh why on earth would a company do that on purpose? like who's gonna return an

01:15

operating system for a money-back guarantee when there were no other

01:18

options and really no other way to run your computer if you didn't have one.

01:22

well at the time Microsoft had a monopoly on the operating system [woman folds arms behind a counter as someone pitches the new operating system to her]

01:25

business. Microsoft did it to make their company purposely look less profitable

01:31

they were worried about government anti-monopoly regulators raining on

01:35

their parade, and they wanted to defer taxable income to you know smooth

01:40

earnings and pay less taxes, knowing that business wouldn't always be oh so

01:44

awesome and that they could probably use those deferred revenues for a rainy day

01:48

someday. well eventually it rained so hard on

01:51

Microsoft they more or less drowned, and a judge chastised them for being too

01:56

conservative in their accounting. rare phenomenon almost first time in history

02:00

that's ever happened, but it happened. well the broader point is that revenues

02:03

aren't always revenues in the real world and there are lots of ways of capturing

02:07

them. all right let's say your lemonade stand took credit cards and you set up a

02:12

deal with Visa and MasterCard they took a nickel for each sale of a [credit card swiped]

02:15

dollar that you made, yes we're vastly oversimplifying here but just go with us.

02:19

when you report revenues do you report a dollar and then have a nickel of cost

02:23

always? or do you report ninety five cents as your revenues? well in this case

02:27

you report a dollar and just deal with credit card processing costs as an

02:31

expense line-item forever. why? because if you didn't it would cloud things. one

02:37

could then ask why do some lemonade sell for a dollar and others sell for 95

02:43

cents? like some people paid cash some paid credit cards. Ever note that a lot of

02:46

restaurants and other small businesses charge you extra if you charge like Visa

02:52

or MasterCard versus just paying them in cash? well it's clear accounting to show [payment policy document shown]

02:56

your work. at least in this case but here's another rub eBay offers a bunch

03:00

of merchandise for sale in its garage sale like environment. it sells a

03:05

slightly used six thousand dollar hot tub for fifteen hundred bucks but eBay

03:10

doesn't own the hot tub that's getting sold. they're just the listing agent

03:14

behind the sale for which they take a commission. call it five percent in this

03:18

case that would be seventy five bucks for the tub. and yes again we're vastly

03:22

over simplifying here but go with us .so E Bay report fifteen hundred as revenues

03:26

or seventy five while in reality it reports both but former is reported as

03:30

gross merchandise, not that gross and then they more or less well ignore the

03:35

numbers and the rest of their income statement. why would eBay do this ?because

03:38

gross merchandise is a very good proxy or indicator of future commissions [Teddy bear put in a box]

03:44

likely coming eBay's way. it's also good as a check point for what the commission

03:49

rates actually were. like if you're an ebay powerseller you'll know that real

03:53

commission prices are all over the map and higher rates would be an indicator

03:56

that eBay has more power with the selling community. one other perspective

04:00

is worth thinking about here people. after a seventy five dollar sale eBay

04:03

has a bunch of costs keeping the website up ,lawyers tracking fig bars for the

04:08

snack area and so on. so on that $75 sale eBay might have twenty five dollars in

04:13

pre-tax profits. well on seventy five bucks of revenues twenty five dollars in

04:17

pre-tax profits is a thirty three percent margin business. pretty high

04:21

margin business and it kinda fits in with the margin structure

04:25

of other analogous software companies. well how weird would it have been to

04:30

have shown $1500 as revenues and then show $25.00 in pre-tax profits. you go [ebay income statement shown]

04:36

from a 33% margin business to being uh what is that about 1.7 percent margin

04:41

business well whenever you see oddball numbers like this listen to your dark

04:47

side. ya know at the time of eBay's IPO there were a lot of commerce companies

04:53

out there who had no real earnings or no prayers of ever having them.

04:57

how were they valued by savvy Wall Street investors well just as a multiple

05:01

of revenues so if you showed hugely high revenues, well then relative to lemonade

05:07

stand.com you were cheap according to Wall Street standards in reality eBay

05:11

actually had real earnings or profits over time and didn't need the on a

05:16

revenue multiple basis worth cheap that sleazy marketing things that a lot of

05:21

companies adopted. yeah karma it's alive. all of those companies now are long dead

05:27

and buried. [headstone pictured]

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